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Letter Regarding Qualified Person Status November 24, 2025 |
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Very truly yours,
Qualified Institutional Buyer, as defined in Rule 144A under the Securities Act, means:
(1) Any of the following entities, acting for its own account or the accounts of other qualified institutional buyers, that in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary
basis at least $100 million in securities of issuers that are not affiliated with the entity:
(a) Any insurance company as defined in Section 2(a)(13) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act);
(c) Any small business investment company licensed by the U.S. Small Business Administration under Section 301(c) or (d) of the Small Business Investment Act
of 1958 or any Rural Business Investment Company as defined in section 384A of the Consolidated Farm and Rural Development Act;
(d)
Any
plan established and maintained by a state, its political subdivisions, or any
agency or instrumentality of a state or its political subdivisions, for the
benefit of its employees;
(e) Any
employee benefit plan within the meaning of Title I of the Employee Retirement
Income Security Act of 1974 as amended;
(f)
Any trust fund whose trustee is a bank or trust company and whose participants are exclusively plans of the types identified in paragraphs (D) or (E) above,
except trust funds that include as participants individual retirement accounts or H.R. 10 plans.
(g)
Any business development company as defined in section 202(a)(22) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Investment Advisers Act);
(h)
Any organization described in section 501(c)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code, corporation
(other than a bank as defined in section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act or a savings and loan
association or other institution referenced in section 3(a)(5)(A) of the Securities Act or a foreign
bank or savings and loan association or equivalent institution), partnership, limited liability
company, or Massachusetts or similar business trust;
(i) Any investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act; and (j) Any institutional accredited investor, as defined in rule 501(a) under the Securities Act, of a type not listed in paragraphs (a)(1)(i)(A) through (I) or paragraphs (a)(1)(ii) through (vi); (2) Any dealer registered pursuant to Section 15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), acting for its own account or the accounts of other Qualified Institutional Buyers, that in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary basis at least $10 million of securities of issuers that are not affiliated with the dealer, provided that securities constituting the whole or a part of an unsold allotment to or subscription by a dealer as a participant in a public offering shall not be deemed to be owned by such dealer; (3) Any dealer registered pursuant to Section 15 of the Exchange Act acting in a riskless principal transaction (as defined below) on behalf of a Qualified Institutional Buyer; (4) Any investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, acting for its own account or for the accounts of other Qualified Institutional Buyers, that is part of a family of investment companies which own in the aggregate at least $100 million in securities of issuers, other than issuers that are affiliated with the investment company or are part of such family of investment companies. Family of investment companies means any two or more investment companies registered under the Investment Company Act, except for a unit investment trust whose assets consist solely of shares of one or more registered investment companies, that have the same investment adviser (or, in the case of unit investment trusts, the same depositor), provided that: (a)
Each series of a series company (as defined in Rule 18f-2 under the Investment Company Act) shall be deemed to be a separate investment company; and
(b)
Investment companies shall be deemed to have the same adviser (or depositor) if their advisers (or depositors) are majority-owned subsidiaries of the same parent, or if one investment companys adviser (or depositor) is a majority-owned subsidiary of the other investment companys adviser (or depositor);
(5)
Any entity, all of the equity owners of which are Qualified Institutional Buyers, acting for its own account or the accounts of other Qualified Institutional Buyers; and
(6)
Any bank as defined in section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act, any savings and loan association or other institution as referenced in section 3(a)(5)(A)
of the Securities Act, or any foreign bank or savings and loan association or equivalent institution, acting for its own account or the accounts of other
qualified institutional buyers, that in the aggregate owns and invests on a discretionary basis at least $ 100 million in securities of issuers that are not
affiliated with it and that has an audited net worth of at least $ 25 million as demonstrated in its latest annual financial statements, as of a date not more
than 16 months preceding the date of sale under the rule in the case of a U.S. bank or savings and loan association, and not more than 18 months preceding such
date of sale for a foreign bank or savings and loan association or equivalent institution.
For purposes of the foregoing definition:
(1) In determining the
aggregate amount of securities owned and invested on a discretionary basis by an
entity, the following instruments and interests shall be excluded: bank deposit
notes and certificates of deposit; loan participations; repurchase agreements;
securities owned but subject to a repurchase agreement; and currency, interest
rate and commodity swaps.
(2)
The aggregate value of securities owned and invested on a discretionary basis by an entity shall be the cost of such securities, except where the entity reports
its securities holdings in its financial statements on the basis of their market value, and no current information with respect to the cost of those securities
has been published. In the latter event, the securities may be valued at market for purposes of Rule 144A.
(3) In determining the aggregate amount of securities owned by an entity and invested on a discretionary basis, securities owned by subsidiaries
of the entity that are consolidated with the entity in its financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles may be
included if the investments of such subsidiaries are managed under the direction of the entity, except that, unless the entity is a reporting company under
Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, securities owned by such subsidiaries may not be included if the entity itself is a majority-owned subsidiary that would
be included in the consolidated financial statements of another enterprise.
(4) Riskless principal transaction means a transaction in which a dealer buys a security from any person and makes a simultaneous
offsetting sale of such security to a Qualified Institutional Buyer, including another dealer acting as riskless principal for a Qualified Institutional Buyer.
Qualified Purchaser, as defined in Section 2(a)(51) of the U.S. Investment Company Act of 1940, means:
(A) Qualified purchaser means
(i) any natural person (including any person who holds a joint, community property, or other similar shared ownership interest in an issuer that is excepted under section 80a3(c)(7) of this title with that persons qualified purchaser spouse) who owns not less than $5,000,000 in investments, as defined by the Commission;
(iii)
any trust that is not covered by clause (ii) and that was not formed for the specific purpose of acquiring the securities offered, as to which the trustee or other
person authorized to make decisions with respect to the trust, and each settlor or other person who has contributed assets to the trust, is a person
described in clause (i), (ii), or (iv); or
(B)
The Commission may adopt such rules and regulations applicable to the persons and trusts specified in clauses (i) through (iv) of subparagraph (A) as it
determines are necessary or appropriate in the public interest or for the protection of investors.
(C)
The term qualified purchaser does not include a company that, but for the exceptions provided for in paragraph (1) or (7) of section 80a3(c) of this title ,
would be an investment company (hereafter in this paragraph referred to as an excepted investment company), unless all beneficial owners of its outstanding
securities (other than short-term paper), determined in accordance with section 80a3(c)(1)(A) of this title , that acquired such securities on or before April
30, 1996 (hereafter in this paragraph referred to as pre-amendment beneficial owners), and all pre-amendment beneficial owners of the outstanding securities
(other than short-term paper) of any excepted investment company that, directly or indirectly, owns any outstanding securities of such excepted investment
company, have consented to its treatment as a qualified purchaser. Unanimous consent of all trustees, directors, or general partners of a company or trust
referred to in clause (ii) or (iii) of subparagraph (A) shall constitute consent for purposes of this subparagraph.
U.S. person, as defined in Rule 902 under the Securities Act, means: (1) Any
natural person resident in the United States; (2) Any
partnership or corporation organized or incorporated under the laws of the United
States; (3) Any
estate of which any executor or administrator is a U.S. person; (4) Any
trust of which any trustee is a U.S. person; (5) Any
agency or branch of a foreign entity located in the United States; (6) Any
non-discretionary account or similar account (other than an estate or trust) held
by a dealer or other fiduciary for the benefit or account of a U.S. person; (7) Any
discretionary account or similar account (other than an estate or trust) held
by a dealer or other fiduciary organized, incorporated, or (if an individual)
resident in the United States; and (8) Any partnership or corporation if: (a) Organized or incorporated under the laws of any foreign
jurisdiction; and (b) Formed by a U.S. person principally for the purpose of
investing in securities not registered under the Securities Act, unless it is
organized or incorporated, and owned, by accredited investors (as defined in
Rule 501(a) under the Securities Act) who are not natural persons, estates or
trusts.
* * * * * *
The following are not U.S.
persons: (1) Any
discretionary account or similar account (other than an estate or trust) held
for the benefit or account of a non-U.S. person by a dealer or other
professional fiduciary organized, incorporated, or (if an individual) resident
in the United States; (2) Any
estate of which any professional fiduciary acting as executor or administrator
is a U.S. person if: (a) An executor or administrator
of the estate who is not a U.S. person has sole or shared investment discretion
with respect to the assets of the estate; and (b) The estate is governed by
foreign law; (3) Any
trust of which any professional fiduciary acting as trustee is a U.S. person,
if a trustee who is not a U.S. person has sole or shared investment discretion
with respect to the trust assets, and no beneficiary of the trust (and no
settlor if the trust is revocable) is a U.S. person; (4) An
employee benefit plan established and administered in accordance with the law
of a country other than the United States and customary practices and
documentation of such country; (5) Any
agency or branch of a U.S. person located outside the United States if: (a) The agency or branch operates for valid business reasons; and (b) The agency or branch is engaged in the business of insurance
or banking and is subject to substantive insurance or banking regulation,
respectively, in the jurisdiction where located; and (6) The
International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and
Development, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank,
the African Development Bank, the United Nations, and their agencies,
affiliates and pension plans, and any other similar international
organizations, their agencies, affiliates and pension plans.
* * * * * *
United States means the United States of America, its territories and possessions, any State of the United States, and the District of Columbia.
* * * * * *
Non-U.S. qualified offeree means:
(1) Any person that is located and/or resident in a Member State of the European Economic Area and is (x) a qualified investor as defined in
Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 (as amended) and (y) not a retail investor. For these purposes, a retail investor means a person who is one (or more)
of the following: (i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, MiFID II); or (ii) a customer within the
meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/97 (as amended), where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of
MiFID II;
(2) Any person that is located and/or resident in the United Kingdom and is:
(x)
a qualified investor as defined in Article 2 of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018
(the EUWA);
(y)
not a retail investor; and
(z) an investment professional falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the Order)
or (iii) a high net worth entity or other person to whom the Transaction materials may lawfully be communicated, falling within Article 49(2) (a) to (d) of the Order,
and for the purposes of this paragraph (2), a retail investor means a person who is one (or more) of the following: (i) a retail client as defined in point (8)
of Article 2 of Regulation (EU) No 2017/565 as it forms part of domestic law by virtue of the EUWA; or (ii) a customer within the meaning of the provisions of the
Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (the FSMA) and any rules or regulations made under the FSMA to implement the Directive (EU) 2016/97, where that
customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (8) of Article 2(1) of Regulation (EU) No 600/2014 as it forms part of domestic law
by virtue of the EUWA; or
(3)
Any person outside the United States, the European Economic Area and the United Kingdom to whom the offers contemplated by the Transactions may be made in
compliance with all other applicable laws and regulations of any applicable jurisdiction other than Canada
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A retail investor means: a person who is one (or more) of: (i) a retail client as defined in point (11) of Article 4(1) of Directive 2014/65/EU (as amended, MiFID II); or (ii) a customer within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2016/97, where that customer would not qualify as a professional client as defined in point (10) of Article 4(1) of MiFID II; or (iii) not a qualified investor as defined in Regulation (EU) 2017/1129. This Exchange Offer Memorandum does not constitute a prospectus for the purposes of Article 3(1) of Regulation (EU) 2017/1129.
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